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Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) occurs when the veins in your legs lose its ability to send blood back to the heart. This leads to swelling as blood pools in the legs.
CVI is manageable with lifestyle changes and compression therapy. (AFP file photo)
U.S. President Donald Trump has been diagnosed with chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) – a vascular condition that impairs blood flow in the legs – after he reportedly noticed unusual swelling in his lower limbs. According to an official health update from his physician, detailed diagnostic tests ruled out more serious concerns such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
A statement released by the White House said Donald Trump, who is 78, underwent vascular imaging and Doppler ultrasound scans, which confirmed the presence of CVI. Doctors emphasised that the condition is common among older adults, especially those over the age of 70, and is generally considered non-life-threatening when properly managed.
What Exactly Is Chronic Venous Insufficiency?
Chronic venous insufficiency occurs when the veins in your legs lose their ability to efficiently send blood back to the heart. This causes blood to pool in the lower extremities, leading to swelling, discomfort, and in some cases, visible changes in the skin.
The human leg contains three main types of veins:
- Deep veins, located within the muscles
- Superficial veins, found near the skin’s surface
- Perforating veins, which connect the deep and superficial systems
When valves within these veins become weakened or damaged, due to age, genetics, or underlying health issues, they may not close properly, causing blood to flow backwards and collect in the legs.
What Are The Potential Complications of Chronic Venous Insufficiency?
While CVI often starts with mild symptoms, experts warn that, if left untreated, it can escalate and significantly impact quality of life.
If vein pressure becomes too high, tiny blood vessels near the skin can rupture, leading to:
- Red or brown skin discolouration
- Open sores, also known as venous ulcers
- Tissue inflammation and long-term damage
- Infections like cellulitis, which may spread if not addressed quickly
In severe cases, CVI may result in persistent swelling (oedema) and scar tissue buildup that traps fluid in surrounding tissues, making healing even more difficult.
What Are The Symptoms Of Chronic Venous Insufficiency?
Common signs of chronic venous insufficiency include:
- Heaviness or aching in the legs
- Leg cramps, especially at night
- Swelling around the ankles
- Itchy, flaky, or leathery skin
- Varicose veins
- Skin discolouration (reddish-brown tone)
- Sores or ulcers on the legs
- A burning or tingling sensation
What Causes Chronic Venous Insufficiency?
Doctors classify CVI causes into three categories:
- Congenital: You’re born with abnormal or malformed leg veins.
- Primary: Veins become weak or stretched due to ageing or prolonged standing.
- Secondary: Often triggered by past deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or vein damage due to trauma or surgery.
Can Chronic Venous Insufficiency Be Managed?
While CVI is a chronic condition, lifestyle changes, compression therapy, and in some cases, minimally invasive procedures can help manage symptoms and prevent complications.
Doctors often recommend:
- Wearing compression stockings
- Elevating the legs
- Staying physically active
- Avoiding long periods of sitting or standing
In more advanced cases, sclerotherapy, laser therapy, or surgical vein repair may be considered.
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